The Cashew tree (Anacardiumoccidentale) is considered the native to the northern part of South America, but is now grown almost all over the world. The English name ‘cashew’ is derived from the Portuguese name ‘Caju’, it is called ‘Acaju’ in Brazil, ‘Merey’ in Venezuela, ‘Cajuil’ in Spanish and ‘Decajou’ in French. Cashew was introduced to India by the Portuguese between 1563 and 1570.
As per the annual report 2018-19 of Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare, cashew is one of the top 10 most traded (i.e. exported as well as imported) agricultural products of India.
The major cashew production distribution in India is in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra along the West Coast, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa along the East Coast and some in the states of West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand and North Eastern States.
Cashew Nuts can be used to make medicine to treat stomach and intestinal (gastrointestinal) ailments. Also, in some parts of the world cashew is applied directly to the skin as a skin stimulant and to seal (cauterize) ulcers, warts, and corns.
Cashew Nut contains vitamins E, K, and B-6, along with minerals like copper, phosphorus, zinc, magnesium, iron, and selenium, all of which are so important for a variety of bodily functions that we can't go without them.
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Nut is one of the most consumed dry fruit all over the world. The demand for Cashew Nut is increasing in the world market. In 2017, the global consumption of pepper amounted to 446 thousand tonnes, of which 85 thousand tonnes in Europe. Global consumption has increased by 2.4% per year, while European consumption increased by 1.8%. The main import destinations of Cashew Nut are US, Mexico.
The production and productivity of cashew is highest in the state of Maharashtra. Cashew generates employment in the processing and agrarian sector of India employing over 3 lakh persons with more than 95% of them being women.
India led the production of cashews in 2015-16 with a crop of 1,72,719 tonnes (kernel basis), which represented 23 per cent of global production but recently India’s share in the world Cashew nut market remained stagnant at 23 per cent, while 58 per cent is now been controlled by Vietnam.
Cashew Nuts Kernel (in shell)
India’s total export for Cashew Nut kernel (in shell) to the world in 2017 were US$ 16.3 million while import were US$ 1453.1 million. Major countries to which India is exporting were Vietnam (US$ 15 million) and Côte d’Ivoire (US$ 1 million) while importing from Côte d’Ivoire (US$ 301 million), Tanzania (US$ 301 million) and Guinea-Bissau (US$ 254 million).
Cashew Nuts Kernel (broken, shelled)
India’s total export for Cashew Nut kernel (broken, shelled) to the world in 2017 were US$ 934.4 million while import were US$ 40.9 million. Major countries to which India is exporting were UAE (US$ 195 million), USA (US$ 182 million) and Netherlands (US$87 million) while importing primarily from Vietnam (US$ 40 million).
Roasted/Salted Cashew Nuts
India’s total export for Roasted/Salted Cashew nuts to the world in 2017 were US$ 27.6 million while import were US$ 3.9 million. Major countries to which India is exporting were USA (US$24 million) and Malaysia (US1 million) while importing primarily from Mozambique (US$2 million) and Vietnam (US$1 million).
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid/Cardanol
India’s total export for Cashew nut shell liquid/Cardanol to the world in 2017 were US$ 4.5 million primarily to Korea (US$2.9 million). India’s import for the same are not significant.
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